一种含硫酸铵的盐碱土改良剂促进玉米生长和根层土壤降碱脱盐的机理

Research on the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance and Desalination in the Rhizosphere of Maize Grown in Saline-Alkali Soils Treated with a New Type of Sulfur-Containing Ammonium Soil Amendment

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确以硫酸钙、腐殖酸和硫酸铵为基础物质开发的一种新型盐碱土改良剂产品促进作物根层土壤降碱脱盐及植株促生的效应及作用机理。
    方法 以玉米为试验作物，采用土柱培养体系开展了盐碱土改良剂K不同用量（0、0.35和0.525 g kg−1土）和是否种植玉米的双因素试验。测定玉米株高、土壤溶液中盐分离子含量和pH值的动态变化过程以及试验结束后不同深度土层中盐分离子含量和土壤pH值。
    结果 盐碱土改良剂K在0.525 g kg−1的用量下对玉米生长有显著促进作用。与同条件不添加改良剂K的对照处理相比，该用量下玉米株高、地上部干重和根干重分别提高了10.72%、24.55%和57.74%；而0.35 g kg−1用量下对玉米上述指标同样存在一定促进作用，但效果弱于0.525 g kg−1用量。盐碱土改良剂K在0.35 g kg−1和0.525 g kg−1用量下，促进了0 ~ 19 cm土层中的钠离子及氯离子含量减少；在种植玉米条件下，土壤钠离子含量分别下降了19.1%和15.4%，氯离子含量分别下降了15.5%和22.0%；在不种植玉米的模式下，钠离子和氯离子含量均值分别降低了23.0%和19.7%。
    结论 盐碱土改良剂K在达到一定用量时，能有效促进土壤脱盐、显著促进作物生长。其主要作用机理是通过降低耕层土壤pH值、促进钠离子和氯离子的淋洗。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of a novel soil conditioner product K (developed based on calcium sulfate, humic acid and ammonium sulfate) on alkaline soil desalination, alkali reduction and plant growth promotion in the rhizosphere.
    Methods Maize was used as the experimental crop, and a soil column cultivation system was employed to conduct a two-factor experiment with different application rates of soil conditioner K (0, 0.35, and 0.525 g kg−1 soil) and the presence or absence of maize planting. The dynamic changes in maize plant height, salt ion content, and pH value in soil solution, as well as the salt ion content and pH value in different soil layers were measured at the end of the experiment, to reveal the effects and mechanisms of soil conditioner K on alkali reduction and desalination in the rhizosphere of crops in saline-alkali soils and improvement of crop salt tolerance.
    Results The results showed that the application rate of 0.525 g kg−1 of soil conditioner K significantly promoted maize growth. Compared with the control treatment without soil conditioner K under the same conditions, maize plant height, above-ground dry weight, and root dry weight increased by 10.72%, 24.55% and 57.74%, respectively. The application rate of 0.35 g kg−1 also promoted maize growth, but the effect was weaker than that of 0.525 g kg−1. Under the application rates of 0.35 g kg−1 and 0.525 g kg−1, soil conditioner K reduced the contents of sodium and chloride ions in the 0 ~ 19 cm soil layer. When maize was planted in the two treatments, the contents of sodium ions decreased by 19.1% and 15.4%, and the contents of chloride ions decreased by 15.5% and 22.0%. When maize was not planted in the two treatments, the average contents of sodium and chloride ions decreased by 23.0% and 19.7%.
    Conclusion Soil conditioner K can effectively promote desalination and significantly promote crop growth applied at an appropriate rate. The main mechanism is that the conditioner K could reduce the soil pH value and then to promote the leaching of sodium and chloride ions.

     

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